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Doctrine | Air Power | APDC Papers and Working Papers | Conference Proceedings | Fellowship Papers | Pathfinder | Heritage Award | Historical TitlesRAAF Fellowships | Visiting Fellowship
Public order form | Defence order form RAAF Fellowships
The environment in which we live today is one of continual
technological change and development. This persistent characteristic particularly
affects organisations that operate in the air and space environments,
and presents problems to those who must decide on what capabilities are
to be acquired for future use. Capability decisions made today may be
threatened by the appearance of a new technology or concept that could
alter the training, structure, organisation, equipment or employment of
our own forces or those of an adversary. Alexander the Great, the Romans, Napoleon and especially the German Army of the interwar period used this process to completely change their armed forces into superior warfighting systems that dominated armed conflict in their respective eras. The Germans, in particular, provide a good example as they used the analysis of historical and future factors to completely alter the training, organisation, equipment and tactics that they used. Significantly, all this work began at a time when the German forces themselves did not possess a single tank or combat aircraft. Although capability development is the central focus of military experimentation
programs, additional benefits can also be derived. The methods and techniques
used for experimentation can also be employed for improved training, enhanced
operational planning, and for developing a greater awareness of a capability's
attributes. This in turn may generate new ideas and concepts that will
feed the concept development and experimentation process. But perhaps
the most important benefit will be the enhanced professional mastery of
the RAAF's personnel, developed through their participation in military
experimentation. People, after all, are the real source of our warfighting
capabilities.
Tactical Air Intelligence will face a crisis of relevance in conflicts of the future. In these postmodern battlespaces warfighters will receive an abundance of information from the network of sensors around them, negating the trickle of descriptive Intelligence provided by their Intelligence staff. The future is not without its challenges. This thesis examines the challenges facing a particular group of warfighters of the future - the pilots of multi-role fighter aircraft such as the F/A-18 Hornet and the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) - and how Intelligence may be best delivered to them to aid in their use of the material and to minimise its interference with other information. A large part of this work concerns itself with the nature of the challenges facing the fighter pilot. The argument is that changes in the strategic environment combined with the evolution of military technology is giving rise to a number of new operating doctrines intended to deal with uncertainty such as Effects-Based Operations (EBO), Network Centric Warfare (NCW) and Australia's Multidimensional Manoeuvre. These operating doctrines in turn generate further imperatives for the use of air power and commensurate demands on the fighter pilot. The rest of the work develops the argument that in order to deal with the volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous battlespace of the future, intelligence processes will need to be used by everybody in the battlespace and this will require an improved degree of knowledge. At the same time, RAAF Intelligence at the tactical level risks losing relevance due to the availability of near real-time Intelligence directly into the cockpit. The solution provided to these parallel challenges is that tactical air Intelligence will focus more on building knowledge than simply providing information. In this way aircrew will be better equipped to deal with the emerging battlespace.
This book studies the implications of preparedness doctrine on various facets of the maintenance function. The basic concepts of preparedness are initially described, followed by an overview of maintenance principles and practices. The author then brings these two themes together, exploring the relationships in such diverse areas as maintenance requirements determination, repair and modification strategies, maintenance venues and personnel. A central theme is the possibility of maximising aircraft availability by carefully tailoring the maintenance program based on preparedness goals. Conclusions and recommendations arising from the study are included. This paper is used as a textbook in the RAAF's Engineering Officer Basic
Course.
The complexity of Air Force demographic poses significant problems for Human Resource Management personnel responsible for identifying the highly variable retention factors. The challenge once the key retention factors are identified is to devise and implement applicable strategies in an effective and timely manner, and to achieve the balance between the retention versus attrition rates. The Air Force must continue to be proactive in forecasting future retention issues and implementing applicable retention strategies. There is one certainty, and that is there is no mythical panacea to effectively addressing all retention issues. The primary aim of this research was to ascertain the key retention issues that were adversely impacting on the Royal Australian Air Force's attempts to retain highly trained and skilled personnel in 2002. It is envisaged that this research will become a reference by which to gauge the effectiveness of future Air Force retention strategies.
This paper is the product of ongoing debate concerning the relationship between air power and the law. While humankind has made great leaps in the technology associated with air warfare, it continues to struggle with theories that provide for the best application of air power. The increased destructiveness, the ability to use precision technology and the transparency of modern war in the media has led to an increased involvement of law in matters of war. The international community attempts to somehow regulate war through international war - there is a clear body of rules and principles that are relevant to, and must be considered in conjunction with, all military activities. The scourge of war can be moderated without jeopardising the ultimate military objective: victory and enduring peace.
Air power education is a crucial component of the core military training that all RAAF members receive. It is attempting to educate Air Force personnel in the fundamental principles that guide the use of air assets in the defence needs of Australia. Since the inception of formal air power education in 1992 it has been a contentious topic and the subject of several studies and numerous reviews and redevelopments. This study was completed as part of the Chief of Air Force Fellowship program. The study begins with an historical account of the development of air power doctrine and the dissemination of doctrine through air power education. The importance of air power education is highlighted by analysing this indoctrination component of core military training, in the context of contemporary management theory and how it contributes to organisational effectiveness. The research attempts to highlight the importance of air power education and illuminate the environment where this education occurs. Using a social critical perspective is somewhat radical for a military setting, however, it does provide an holistic examination of the meaning individuals apply to their experience and how that experience contributes to knowledge of air power and motivation for lifelong learning. The social critical perspective allows the researcher to look at the various forms air power education takes and question not only the actual materials and outcomes, but also educational structures, hierarchies and policies.
With the launch of the Defence Plan in 2001, (then) Secretary for Defence Allan Hawke and Chief of Defence Force Admiral Chris Barrie released the Defence Vision: A force for good. A force to be reckoned with. A force to win. But what does it mean to be a force for good? Does it mean simply following the rule of law or is there something more to it? With advances in communication technology, modern societies are now exposed
on a daily basis to the realities and repercussions of the conflicts that
governments commit their countries to. In order to maintain the national
and international support needed to successfully prosecute a conflict,
the government and the military must be seen to be representing the moral
will of its people. Adherence to the rule of law is not enough, and a
higher benchmark must be identified and implemented.
Transnational crime is a growing industry. Terrorism, drug trafficking, people smuggling, and piracy are just a few of the numerous forms of cross-border criminal activity threatening world order today. Government agencies world-wide are on the front-line in the fight against those that choose crime as their road to riches. Although criminal organisations once consisted of law-breakers utilising more rudimentary methods, they have now evolved into sophisticated, organised networks that use stealth, computers and almost limitless resources to strike at the very heart of a nation-state for reasons far removed from mere money. And they are succeeding. Governments, the defending agencies concerned, and society itself must accept the inevitable. The line between criminal activity and military threat has blurred. As the young information experts of today's classrooms become the criminal assets of the future, transnational crime will be the primary foreign threat to our borders. Interdepartmental and cross-border cooperation between traditional law enforcement agencies and military forces is no longer a luxury but a necessity. No longer can a multi-billion dollar, highly-trained, professional organisation sit on the sidelines in this war on crime. The time has come for the military to become an active and public partner in what is fast becoming the region's greates threat... transnational crime.
From Sun Tzu to Force 2000, armed forces have been reminded of the military necessity to know and understand both our partners and adversaries. Understanding their culture offers a way to understanding them. But culture encompass almost everything that is done and therefore can explain nothing. This book presents a range of models and concepts that will assist airmen to gain a better understanding of the relevant areas of culture of potential adversaries and coalition partners. This book identifies those aspects of national culture most applicable to airmen due to their influence on the fundamental principles that guide all air forces. The models and concepts have been practically applied in this book to
the problems interoperability in coalition operations and targeting within
Effects-Based Operations. These models and concepts are then applied to
a case study of the Republic of Indonesia.
In a world of ever increasing technology and more obscure military threat, the ability of the Australian Defence Force to maintain high levels of capability, readiness and flexibility are paramount in assuring the security of the Australian Nation and its interests. The key to any successful military operation is control of the air environment. The security of airspace usually requires the presence of airborne weapons and surveillance platform, and ensuring such platforms are accurate, safe, reliable and operation when required is the role of the ADF's aviation technical workforce. However, the ADF is losing its technical personnel, and the skill and experience base of its aviation tradespeople is rapidly eroding. This is a problem because people, together with equipment, form the pillars that support Australia's defence capability. It is capability, together with national will, that creates Australia's defence posture - a deterrent vital to Australia's national defence policy. No enterprise can remain effective for very long without enough appropriately trained and adequately experienced people.
Two thousand years ago Julius Caesar needed to know what his enemies were doing on the other side of the hill. Such knowledge would forewarn him of enemy intentions, enable him to position his legions to best effect, and facilitate victory with minimum losses. Today, knowledge dominance remains a key capability. In Operation Desert Storm, General Schqarzkopf and his staff had a clear picture of the battlespace, while Saddam Hussein's generals had little or no knowledge of Coalition deployments and intentions. The Iraqies had no idea what hit them. Surveillance and reconnaisssance are vital roles to which armies and navies have always dedicated large proportions of their available forces. The first missions of military aviation were surveillance and reconnaissance, and these remain roles to which aircraft are well suited. Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) has been giving some air forces an unfair advantage over their enemies for nearly 50 years. Today, 25 nations operate or are in the process of acquiring AEW&C. It is widely accepted as an essential capability for warfare in the knowledge age. This book traces the history of AEW&C, from primitive balloons in the 18th Century to the high tech systems of 2001. The range of AEW&C aircraft available today is surveyed and their capabilities described. The impact of AEW&C on recent operations in also examined.
Revised version, see below for further information
Since World War I, air power has evolved into a potent weapon. It has been supported by constant technological improvements that has increased the range, precision and mass effect of air-delivered weapons. Consequently, air power is now a vital element of any campaign and this means that aircraft and their supporting infrastructure have become a centre of gravity. One of the fundamental weaknesses of air power is its reliance on fixed airbases. These have been a target since World War I because it became readily apparent to early practitioners that it was easier to destroy the enemy's air force on the ground than in the air. This book considers the history of attacks on airbases, the modern threats, and offers a broad range of options for increasing the survivability of air power's most vulnerable element.
The term 'In the Dark' has a number of connotations within the air defence environment. Firstly, the air defence operational environment is, by virtue of the equipment used, a darkened one, there is very little light. Therefore, air defence personnel are literally employed - 'In the Dark'. 'In the Dark' is also a radio term used in the air defence environment to advise that the data relating to intermittent radar contacts is being estimated or dead-reckoned. In this context, 'In the Dark' implies unknown factors and uncertainty. Finally, 'In the Dark' reflects the current perceptions that airmen and women of the Air Surveillance Operator mustering have regarding their future employment in the Australian Defence Force Air Defence System (AADS). While the RAAF's Air Surveillance operators are assured a future in the AADS, the full scope of that future and the nature of the tasks they will eventually undertake have yet to be finally determined. In the Dark challenges the current perceptions of traditional
employment and questions the relevance of traditional personnel structures
in a dynamic, technology-based operational environment. At a time when
the entire ADF is faced with personnel reductions and smaller budgets,
In the Dark looks at options for the deployment of personnel and
capabilities within the AADS to satisfy increasing demands with limited
resources.
Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are gaining increased popularity for their ability to undertake a number of important defence roles without risking the lives of aircrew. This characteristic, amongst others, promotes them as platforms with utility for employment across the spectrum of conflict. Furthermore, through the removal of aircrew, UAVs promise better cost-effectiveness in tasks of 'dirty, dull or dangerous' nature. The potential cost-effectiveness and utility of UAVs promote them for further consideration by defence forces who are seeking adaptable systems for relevance in the merging strategic environment. However, their applicability is dependent on a nation's strategic and geographic environment, its infrastructure and the method of warfighting employed. The relevance of UAVs to the ADF must therefore be examined in an Australian context. This book sets out to lay the foundations for the consideration of UAVs as options in support of ADF capabilities. Challenges specific to their introduction and optimum employment are also examined.
Air Forces around the world have always relied totally on the skill of their ground-crew for the applications of air power. The Royal Australian Air Force is no exception. In order to operate modern military aircraft sucessfully, air forces require a workforce whose training and skills reflect the highly sophisticated nature of the systems they maintain. But as military budgets continue to shrink and workforce numbers continue to fall, the provision of the necessary comprehensive training and employment system which supports this infrastructure is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain. This book analyses the post-World War II development of the RAAF's aircraft technical workforce. Written by a serving corporal, it provides a unique perspective from the shop floor. Regardless of the shape and size of future air forces, as long as they
continue to operate aircraft they will need capable, efficient and effective
ground crews. The development of the workforce is on-going, as is the
debate over its future management. This book is intended both to record
past events and to contribute to that debate.
'People are our most valuable asset' is an aphorism now commonplace in our vision statements, planning documents and doctrine. While there are, no doubt, a few erudite men and women who do understand why people are indeed our most valuable asset, there are many more whom it is simply a platitude. This book clearly enunciates the link between the human factor and operational effectiveness. It highlights how attention to the human factor can enhance or, if ignored, impair our ability to apply air power. It explains why the human factor has traditionally been overlooked in operations, in times of war and of peace, and discusses the steps needed to address this flow. The Power of Many examines our management of the human factor both from an operational and an operational support perspective. It offers a new way of looking at the RAAF, its culture, policies and doctrine, so that we may better understand, and thus capitalise on, our most valuable asset - our people. It is not the final word on the human factor, but is more like a primer for those who have been conditioned to think of air power as simply aircraft power. When we can fully capitalise on the contribution made by our people,
the synergy created will enhance our air power capability. Air power will
be recognised as deriving not just from a few people, but from all - the
power of many.
The increasing reliance on technology-based information systems by both government and private organisations in modern societies has led to the advent of a new vulnerability. Loss of control of information systems can quickly lead to organisational chaos. This new vulnerability has given rise to a potential new dimension in conflict. As the information age continues to take hold of modern entities, information-based conflict is becoming a significant factor in organisational effectiveness. This book examines many of the issues associated with information-based conflict, in particular its effect on modern military forces.
The way logistics support is provided to military forces is being critically reviewed by nations around the world due to radical changes in strategic circumstances and limited financial resources. This study provides a manner of viewing logistics which emphasises its critical importance in the determination of the success or otherwise of military operations, specifically in the air environment. In doing so it briefly reviews some recent overseas experiences in the provision of logistics support. The guidance provided on air power logistics support requirements, in the form of doctrine, is critically reviewed and a revised doctrine is proposed. There are also recommendations made on the further development of logistics support concepts. A framework of logistics support concepts is proposed. This is intended to ensure that logistics support is organised as a single, coherent system that removes duplication and assists in the provision of a consistent, comprehensive and complementary flow of logistics support through each of the levels of war to enable the effective applications of air power.
The RAAF air power education program was implemented in July 1992. It has three levels. First, a formal education program set within the education and training context; second, input at unit level through largely informal means; and finally, input to the Defence organisation, the wider community and regional nations. Considerable resources have so far been expended on the RAAF air power education program but few, if any, performed measures are in place to assess whether those resources are being effectively and efficiently employed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the RAA air
power education system. To achieve this aim a rigorous research methodology
was applied, using data from six broad sources. These were instructors,
graduates, supervisors, commanders, non-RAAF personnel (Army, Navy, the
Defence organisation and the wider community), and training records from
each of the relevant training schools. Over 450 personnel were either
surveyed or interviewed as part of the study.
The Author identifies opportunities to improve RAAF preparedness through Repairable Item (RI) management. Starting with fundamental concepts of logistics, RI management, and preparedness doctrine, the book proceeds to examine analysis of RI requirements undertaken in recent preparedness studies. A central theme is the need to complement the calculation of preparedness resource requirements with ongoing system development using a systems thinking approach. Conclusions and recommended strategies to pursue identified opportunities are included.
The capabilities of existing and proposed future satellite sensors are examined for their ability to provide wide area surveillance of Australia, and recommendations are made regarding future potential of space-based surveillance. Australia's fundamental wide area surveillance needs are examined and the characteristics of a surveillance capability are outlined. This is followed by a review of existing and planned area surveillance capabilities. The space environment, remote sensing and spaceborne sensors fundamentals are then summarised to outline the advantages and limitations of conducting surveillance from space. Finally a systems study approach is used top examine the potential of space-based surveillance sensors, including existing and near future technologies, to address the shortfalls in Australia's wide area surveillance capabilities. This systems approach provides a methodology for analysing surveillance systems options and gives a readily adaptable framework within which additional research, future system options, changed priorities and new requirements can be incorporated.
Ongoing ADF management of current space-based communications and navigation programmes, as well as future investigations into the applicability of other space-based technologies, will require an increasing number of Defence personnel to become familiar with the theory and practice of space operations. Whilst there are many texts available on space and space-related subjects, most tend to be overly technical for those requiring a broad overview; and most are written from a US perspective. This guide seeks to address those deficiencies, and in doing so, provide a useful tool for the Defence professional requiring a general background in space operations. This book is not written to satisfy the 'expert' in space, but for those seeking to broaden their horizons in the subject. The aim of this book is not to catalogue space-based systems, but rather to provide an educative overview covering space, space operations and space applications. Exceptions to this general approach are made where the ADF is procuring a specific system or capability, for example: the GPS NAVSTAR space-based navigation system, or the MILSATCOM satellite communications project. Such systems and capabilities will be presented in detail, as they directly impact ADF operations.
History has shown that numerical superiority, better equipment and greater resources do not guarantee victory, which has often gone to the smaller but better prepared and led force. Successful commanders have always recognised the crucial impact of the human factor on war and have conducted their campaigns accordingly. The outcome of battle is rarely certain, because human behaviour cannot be predicted with certainty. Wargaming is basically the simulation of war, in all its facets. Of course, there is more to modern war than combat. War in the computer age includes everything from industrial mobilisation to combat logistics. Wargaming can simulate the full range of operational aspects of war (in air warfare this means prosecuting the three campaigns - control of the air, bombardment and support of combat forces) and the sustainment aspects of war (including command, control, communications, intelligence, training and logistics). This thesis proposes a systematic approach to wargame development and implementation, that will hopefully minimise the difficulties and maximise the benefits of wargaming in the RAAF.
Visiting Fellowships
Recent studies in New Zealand highlight the disadvantages of only using foreign war colleges for higher level Professional Military Education. Yet establishing a domestic Tier 4 institute seems impossible given the small size of the New Zealand Defence Force. In attempting to resolve the scale dilemma, this study reveals opportunities to improve PME at all levels. Furthermore, the proposed network-centric, blended learning framework can benefit nearly every military in the world. This book scans the New Zealand and international horizon for contemporary and emerging developments in the field of Joint Professional Military Education with the aim of anticipating challenges so they can be mitigated proactively. The evolving model of Defence colleges is similar to emerging normative postgraduate programs in civilian universities. Technology is redefining traditional education methods and permitting significant advancements in learning. Some of these include the opportunity to personalise education to suit the needs of learners in terms of when, where, and how they learn. Learning is becoming a continuous, life-long process while long one-off courses are expected to diminish in relevance. The globalisation of postgraduate education has also led to an explosion in access to both diverse and high quality learning opportunities. Students are no longer restricted to studying courses offered at a single campus. Instead, they can now mix-and-match modules from the best institutes in the world. Universities are responding to this new environment by specialising in niche areas and networking with other institutes to surface the gaps. To exploit this emerging construct, Defence colleges need to abandon their traditional approach of elitist, all-compulsory long courses and embrace the new flexible learning paradigm. PME needs to be universal, continuous, modular, tailorable and flexible. In doing so, it can reorientate from delivery-driven to learner-centricity. Instead of top-down education, what is needed is Professional Military Learning.
This paper proposes the Rules of Engagement to be observed by Philippine Air Force personnel when they encounter hostile acts and other activities that undermine Philippine sovereignty. With the appropriate set of ROE, the aircrew of a Long Range Patrol Aircraft will be able to act in accordance with international laws and prevent undue escalation of any military confrontation.
Shared power and open policy processes are central to democracy, but achieving meaningful public involvement can be costly and its results unpredictable. As the 1990s drew to a close, it seemed that public consultation was the dominant source of Australian and New Zealand defence policy. While the Howard Government emerged content with what became a fairly benign Defence Review 2000: Our Future Defence Force, the corresponding product in Wellington, Defence Beyond 2000, was radical by comparison and embraced by the incoming Clark Government. Policy, Professionals and Public: discussing defence under debatable democracy, uses a novel 'antipodean' democratic model to analyse the policy processes, explore the role of actors as both individuals and as interest representatives, and outline the implications for the Australasian military professions. The importance of executive government, the public, and the professionals acting in balance is professed to be nothing short of vital to legitimising the preparation for and use of deadly force in international affairs.
Like most other countries in the world, New Zealand has an air force. The RNZAF has been responsible for generating and employing New Zealand's air power as an independent Service since 1937. But many things have changed since that time. The nature of air power in New Zealand has changed, as has the overall contribution it makes to the country's national and defence objectives. At the same time, the global trend towards jointery has altered internal defence relationships and structures in New Zealand. This study considers these changes and takes a fresh look at how air power could and should be structured. It addresses the question of whether an air force is still the most appropriate concept for organising New Zealand's air power today.
The tactical use of air power came into its own when the prophecy of the strategic bomber's supremacy was not completely realised in World War II. As such, it reinforced the role of air power to support surface forces and gave rise to the generally accepted belief that air power is best used when employed offensively and tactically. This offensive use of air power in either interdicting enemy lines or in support of troops in combat came to be known as tactical air operations.
After more than two decades of internal turmoil in the Philippines, almost all the AFP's resources were used in internal security operations and the external defence of the country was relegated to the back seat. Somehow the presence of the United States forces in the country had provided a security umbrella and paradoxically imbued us with a false sense of security. On 23 Febuary 1995, the passing into law of Republic Act Number 7898, better known as the AFP Modernization Act, gave a glimmer of hope to the very limited external defence capability of the AFP. Unfortunately, however, the Philippines is one of those hardest hit by the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and the Modernization Program was derailed. One of the options left for the AFP, particularly the PAF, was for a joint use of highly valuable but limited resources. On 16 March 1995, the PAF and the ATO signed an agreement for the joint use of equipment and facilities in the interest of the Philippine Government. This book supports such endeavours being based on joint use because it
is an approach that optimised the application and use of valuable and
expensive equipment. This book further recommends that the PAF procure
surveillance radars to be used jointly, not just for external defence
or for air traffic control use, but also as a source of valuable information
for other government entities and instrumentalities. In this way vital
equipment will become a national asset, not simply a PAF tool.
On 23 February 1995, Republic Act Number 7898 better known as the AFP modernisation act was passed giving a glimmer of hope to the very limited air surveillance capability of the Philippine Air Force and the Armed Forces in general. Included in the RAF's modernisation plan is the procurement of six long-range patrol aircraft with the appropriate equipment fit for air surveillance capability. This book will give an insight on the significance of acquiring a dedicated
LRPA and provide basic tactical guidelines for the employment of the LRPA.
The information in this book can eventually be used as one of the basis
for the development of the doctrine for air surveillance in the Philippine
Air Force.
This paper will develop an alternative concept in the Philippine Air Force (PAF) Basic Doctrine as a future basis for PAF operational doctrine which will be subject to validation and approval by cognisant authorities. The discussions in this paper will identify current PAF concepts and capabilities, the future of air operations, and the proposals for an operational doctrine. This paper will not present the detailed employment of specific weapon system platforms for any particular conflict or war, but will relate the present PAF doctrine to the evolving security situation. The assessment of the relevance of the present PAF doctrine vis-a-vis trends in modern warfare will enable relevant authorities to identify old and new doctrine which apply to the evolving national defence scenario.
Militarily subordinated by greater partners within the settings of colonialism, Cold War and UN coalition, small modern nations have developed offensive air power capabilities predominantly geared for the 'fielded' battles of land, sea and air. 'Strategic bombing' against the enemy's very will and capacity for war has remained the exclusive franchise of greater nations. Within superpower-led coalition, the traditional small nation focus arguably remains adequate. In the post-Cold War environment, however, as planners increasingly consider the absence of superpower intervention in regional dispute, attention must be directed at understanding the greater air power potentials of individual small nations and non-superpower coalitions. What is the essence of strategic bombing? Is it within the reach of small modern nation offensive air power? Or are the demands of mass, tempo and sustainability - so characteristic of the century's classic strategic bombing campaigns - disqualifiers for small players?
Personnel Recovery for the Philippine Air Force is a document which establishes operational doctrin for the Philippine Air Force (PAF) Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) operations, and outlines the principles and procedures which guide the PAF in its CSAR organisation, command and control, force composition, employment, and planning considerations. The PAF organises, trains, and equips personnel to conduct CSAR and Search and Rescue (SAR) operations across the range of military operations.
Doctrine development is an immense task and the impact of doctrine will be pervasive at all levels of the Philippine Air Force Command. As such, the PAF through the Office of Special Studies may task all airmen of varying skills and expertise to write doctrines. This book intends to give appropriate guidance to the chosen doctrine writer. It is not intended to be a 'cure all' guide but as a ready reference for the doctrine writing task.
The aim of this paper is to propose a command and control system for maritime air surveillance for the Philippines.
Since the end of the Cold War, defence planners have had to deal with greater strategic uncertainty as they have attempted to adapt forces to the new environment. Threats to national security have become more diverse and less tangible. Greater uncertainty has been accompanied by large reductions in defence spending in many countries around the world, forcing military organisations to search for greater efficiencies.
The Philippines is now emerging as an economic and military force in the region. How it continues to develop economically will depend significantly on how it exploits and safeguards its marine areas and resources. Effective and efficient maritime surveillance is vital to the protection of these marine areas and resources. Even more vital is the contribution made by maritime surveillance to national security and protection of national interests. The development of maritime surveillance capabilities from the AFP Modernization Program is an opportunity that must be exploited for optimal effects. By determining the right specifications, acquiring the right systems, providing the right organisation, and applying the right doctrine and concepts for employment, the Philippines will enter the next millennium a stronger, wealthier and more secure nation.
From a geopolitic and geostrategic perspective, Indonesia, as an archipelagic country located between two continents (Asia and Australia) and two oceans (Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean), has strategic value in political, economic, social and defence aspects. As a sovereign state in the southern hemisphere, Indonesia plays a significant role in the international forum by implementing a non-aligned and active policy for its national interest. To safeguard its sovereignty and national territory, Indonesian defence doctrine is based on the Total People's Defence and Security System concept (Sishankamrata). This concept serves as a guide to the whole nation in building up, maintaining and consolidating the national territory as a political, economic, social-cultural, defence and security entity.
Thus far, only cursory studies of the aerospace of the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) are available. Often, these studies are investigated largely from the broad perspectives of the armed forces of the South-East Asian region. This study attempts to verify the proposition that the aerospace of the RMAF has been based on a combination of meeting the needs of an on-going internal security situation and that of one based on threat perceptions. The main thrust of the research concentrates on the variables that have shaped the force structure of the RMAF. This thesis reveals that in its earlier history, the RMAF had solely been developed to fight as part of a counter-insurgency force. This was the outcome of a reactive process that attempted to address the on-going internal security needs of the country. Such 'reactive' development was based more on expediency rather than one that was derived from long-term strategic plans. Nevertheless, after the mid-1970s, there was an increasing tendency to base the RMAF's development on threat perceptions, with a focus on external rather than internal threats. Development was thus more 'pro-active' and its air power capabilities were greatly determined by the various concepts of conventional air strategy. This new orientation has effectively transformed it from an air force that played a supportive role in counter-insurgency warfare into a more credible tactical conventional air force that is better suited to fight in limited conventional war.
The unique abilities which differentiate air power from sea and land power generate unique requirements for intelligence in support of air operations. Air power is able to respond quickly over large distances and so aircraft are often first on the scene in a crisis; intelligence must strive to match this responsiveness and reach by providing timely, fused, all-source products to decision-makers and commanders at the strategic, operational and tactical levels. Even the limitations of air power generate their own intelligence requirements. Aircraft and the basis on which they are dependent must be protected; intelligence must provide assessments of the nature and capabilities of the threat and counter intelligence must protect against the intelligence efforts of other nations. The cost of aircraft and their limited numbers make them a valuable resource. This, combined with their vulnerability in the air, means that intelligence must be provided so that enemy threats can be avoided or negated where possible.
The nature of conflict is changing. The role of the United Nations in the resolution of conflict is also changing. What is the United Nations' future role? Should the United Nations intervene in internal conflict? Is the use of offensive military force appropriate? What type of military force should be considered? Who are the real peacemakers? This book, written during 1995 at the RAAF Air Power Studies Centre as part of a Royal Air Force service fellowship, addresses these issues and seeks to develop an understanding of the role of offensive air power in United Nations peace operations. Written in three parts, it first lays out a framework for analysis of the origins of conflict and examines the case for external intervention. Part Two describes the peace process using past and present UN operations, and discusses the changes that have occured. Each element of the peace process is explored, emphasising the significant differences that exist between them. Consideration of various strategies for peace leads on to Part Three which concentrates on air power and peace enforcement. The concept of peace enforcement remains a subject of continuing debate in the United Nations. This book aims to contribute to this important debate.
This paper examines strategic aspects of air power doctrine within the context of a small air force. A small air force is one that, because of its limitations, must choose not to conduct some part of the complete air power spectrum. This paper is written in two parts. Part One is focused on the essence and purpose of doctrine. It developes strategic air power doctrine through an understanding of the air environment and the characteristics and structure of air power itself. Part Two is devoted to issues that relate to the legal, moral and political environment within which strategic air power doctrine is applied. |
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Military
Experimentation - Hallmark of Professionalism. Alex Post
Postmodern
Tactical Air Intelligence. Byron Reynolds
Preparedness
and the Maintenance Function. Peter McLennan 
Retention
versus Attrition: Does the RAAF have the correct target in its sight?
Kevin Barnes
Does
the Law Really Matter? The Role of the Law of Armed Conflict in Contemporary
Air Operations. Rebecca Lewis
Air
Power Doctrine Education: A Social Critical Perspective. Stephen Pickard
Humane
Warfare: The Practice of Military Ethics: an aerospace perspective. G.M.
Pender
The
Fight Against Transnational Crime. Raymond S Press
Winning
With Australian Air Power in Diverse Cultures. David Jeffcoat
What
Makes Techo's Tick? The human factor in ADF aviation maintenance capability.
Jim Xinos
AEW&C:
A Piece of the Puzzle. Peter McCarry
Airbase
Operability: A study in airbase survivability and post-attack recovery
- Second Edition. Sal Sidoti
Airbase
Operability: A study in airbase survivability and post-attack recovery
- First Edition. Sal Sidoti
In
the Dark: The Future Role of Airmen in Air Defence. Walter McKinnon
Virtual
Air Power: A Case for Complementing ADF Air Operations with Uninhabited
Aerial Vehicles. Michelle Yeaman
Aircraft
Technical Trade Development: An Airman's Perspective. Wayne Jones
The
Power of Many. Gary Williams
The
Future is Not What it Used to Be: Conflict in the Information Age. Chris
Westwood
A
Critical Dependence: Providing logistics support to air operations. David
Pasfield
The
RAAF's Fundamental Business: An Evaluation of RAAF Air Power Education.
James Walker
Preparedness
and Repairable Item Management. Michelle MacLean
The
Potential of Satellites for Wide Area Surveillance of Australia. Wayne
Gale
Into
the Fourth Dimension: An ADF Guide to Space. Anthony Forestier
This
is Not a Game: Wargaming for the Royal Australian Air Force. Peter
McCarry
Professional
Military Learning Next Generation PME in the New Zealand Defence Force.
Murray Simons
Rules
of Engagement for Long Range Patrol Aircraft of the Philippine Air Force.
Aristotle Gonzalez (PAF)
Policy,
Professionals & Public: Discussing defence under debatable democracy.
Damian Gilchrist (RNZAF)
Air
Force or Air Corps? Does New Zealand need an independent air force in
a joint environment?. Andrew Clark (RNZAF)
Philippine
Air Force Tactical Air Power. Erickson Roque Gloria (PAF)
'OUR
Radars'. Fred Resma Llosa (PAF)
The
Role of the Long-Range Patrol Aircraft in National Security. P. Gerard
C. Custodio (PAF)
Philippine
Air Force Air Operations. Arturo Jose G. Orticio Jr (PAF)
Strategy,
Air Strike and Small Nations. Shaun Clarke (RNZAF)
Personnel
Recovery for the Philippine Air Force. Fredrico C. Ercilla Jr. (PAF)
Doctrine
Writing Handbook. Noel L. Patajo (PAF)
Command
and Control of Philippine Maritime Air Surveillance. Dexter O. Huerto
(PAF) 
Command
and Control of Battlefield Helicopters. Martin Sharp (RAF)
Maritime
Air Surveillance for the Philippines. Alfredo Ramirez (PAF)
The
Significant Role of Air Power in the Defence of Indonesia. Surya Dharma
(TNI-AU)
Aerospace:
The Royal Malaysian Air Force Experience. Yap Pak Choy (RMAF)
Intelligence
Support for Air Operations. H.B. Keightley (RNZAF)
Blessed
be the Peacemakers: Conflict, Peace and Air Power. John Teager (RAF)
Strategic
Air Power Doctrine for Small Air Forces. S.A. MacKenzie (RNZAF)